Giugni et al 1999: How Social Movements Matter

Changes in the USA:
in the early 1980s: national and local, well connected and organized

during 80s and 90s: expanding focus (frame amplification) but fragmentation; more lobbyism in DC; litigation, articulation but little power to implement; backlash, lots of vocal anti-feminist groups, incl Republicans ( -> abandonment of Rep party)

Changes in the UK:
many groups, shift to diversity (race, disability) may have weaken, most funding cut -> budgets low, labour party not supportive either,

Outcomes
influence through combined insider/outsider strategies (Staggenborg 1991),

US: seats in legislature: through broad politicization of issue and specific efforts for indiv women; more (how many?), (20% on state + local level, not much!), 40% belong to women's groups; executive office: Clinton appointed many, also top judges

UK: Labor 1997 win doubled women MPs to 18%. executive positions, incl. quangos, and in some top jobs in general rising (but how much?)

Outcomes for 3 Policy Areas
...

Abortion:

Domestic Violence:

Ch 10: (The Far Right in Germany & Italy) (by Koopmans & Statham)
title: "ethnic and civic conceptions of nationhood and the differential success of the extreme right in Germany and Italy"

selection on DV: extreme right success big in Italy (in government for months under Berlusconi: alleanza nazionale, lega nord), small in Germany (Rep, DVU, NPD max 2%)

hypotheses:
 * 1) if "dominant discourse" has or legitimizes ethnic-cultural understandig of national identity -> more mobilization and "success" (?)
 * 2) ... civic-political elements ...
 * 3) facilitaton vs repression
 * 4) if other parties do not incorporate ethnic-cultural conceptions of nat'l identity into their discourse -> more mobilization
 * 5) division and instability among current insiders -> more mobilization and "success"